Metastatic cancer to the lung

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Bronchoscopy	Coal workers pneumoconiosis, complicated	Coal workers pneumoconiosis, complicated #2	Coal workers pneumoconiosis - stage II
Coal workers pneumoconiosis - stage II #2	Lung cancer, frontal chest X-ray	Lung cancer, lateral chest X-ray	Lung with squamous cell cancer - CT scan
Pulmonary nodule, solitary - CT scan	Pulmonary nodule - front view chest X-ray	Respiratory system	Sarcoid, stage II - chest X-ray

Lung metastases

In most cases, metastatic cancer to the lung is a sign that the cancer has spread into the bloodstream. Usually cancer will be present even in places not seen by CT scans. In these circumstances, removing the visible tumors by surgery is usually not beneficial. Chemotherapy is usually the treatment of choice.

Cure is unlikely in most cases. Patients with testicular cancer or lymphoma, however, have a higher likelihood of long-term survival and cure compared with those with most other cancers.

In some circumstances in which the primary tumor has been removed and cancer has spread to only limited areas of the lung, the lung metastases can be removed surgically with the goal of long-term survival or, occasionally, cure.

Radiation therapy, the placement of stents inside the airways, or laser therapy are sometimes used but are less common than surgery or chemotherapy.

The stress of illness can often be helped by joining a support group where members share common experiences and problems. For this condition, see cancer support group.

Living more than 5 years with metastatic cancer to the lungs is uncommon. Rarely, patients with certain types of cancer (sarcoma, renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, colon cancer, or melanoma) that has only spread a limited amount to the lung can be cured with surgery.

In some cases, cancer (particularly lymphoma or testicular cancer) that has spread to the lung can be cured with chemotherapy. But in general, lung metastases are a sign of widespread cancer with a poor survival rate.

• Side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy
• Further spread of the cancer
• Pleural effusions (fluid between the lung and chest wall), which can cause shortness of breath
• Pericardial effusions (fluid around the heart), which can cause shortness of breath

Patients with a history of cancer who develop persistent cough, bloody sputum (coughing up blood), shortness of breath, unexplained weight loss, or other significant changes in their health should contact their health care provider.

Review Date: 09/11/2006
Reviewed By: Rita Nanda, M.D., Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.