Toxic megacolon

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Crohn's disease - affected areas	Digestive system	Digestive system organs	Toxic megacolon
Ulcerative colitis

Toxic dilation of the colon; Megarectum

The objective of treatment is to reduce the size of the bowel and to prevent swallowed air from further distending the bowel. If this is not achieved or the patient does not improve within 24 hours, a colectomy (surgical removal of all or part of the colon) is indicated.

Fluid and electrolyte replacement help to prevent dehydration and shock.

Use of corticosteroids may suppress the inflammatory reaction in the colon if megacolon has resulted from active inflammatory bowel disease. Antibiotics may be given to prevent sepsis (a severe infection).

If the condition does not improve, there is a significant risk of death. In this situation, a colectomy is usually required.

• Sepsis
• Shock
• Perforation of the colon

Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if severe abdominal pain develops -- particularly if it is accompanied by fever, rapid heart rate, tenderness when the abdomen is pressed, bloody diarrhea, frequent diarrhea, or painful bowel movements.

Review Date: 01/23/2006
Reviewed By: Jenifer K. Lehrer, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Frankford-Torresdale Hospital, Jefferson Health System, Philadelphia, PA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.