Colon cancer

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Barium enema	Colon cancer - series	Colon culture	Colonoscopy
Colostomy - series	Digestive system	Large bowel resection - series	Large intestine
Rectal cancer, X-ray	Sigmoid colon cancer, X-ray	Spleen metastasis - CT scan	Stages of cancer
Structure of the colon	The large intestine

Colorectal cancer; Cancer - colon

Many cases of colon cancer have no symptoms. The following symptoms, however, may indicate colon cancer:

• Diarrhea , constipation, or other change in bowel habits
• Blood in the stool
• Unexplained anemia
• Abdominal pain and tenderness in the lower abdomen
• Intestinal obstruction
• Weight loss with no known reason
• Narrow stools

With proper screening, colon cancer can be detected BEFORE the development of symptoms, when it is most curable.

Your doctor will perform a physical exam and press on your belly area. The physical exam rarely shows any problems, although an abdominal mass may be felt. A rectal exam may reveal a mass in patients with rectal cancer, but not colon cancer.

Imaging tests to diagnose colorectal cancer include:

• Colonoscopy
• Sigmoidoscopy

Note: Only colonoscopy can see the entire colon.

A fecal occult blood test (FOBT) may detect small amounts of blood in the stool, which could suggest colon cancer. However, this test is often negative in patients with colon cancer. For this reason, a FOBT must be done along with colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy. It is also important to note that a positive FOBT doesn't necessarily mean you have cancer.

A complete blood count may reveal show signs of anemia with low iron levels.

If your doctor learns that you do have colorectal cancer, additional tests will be done to see if the cancer has spread. This is called staging.

• Stage 0: Very early cancer on the innermost layer of the intestine
• Stage I: Cancer is in the inner layers of the colon
• Stage II: Cancer has spread through the muscle wall of the colon
• Stage III: Cancer has spread to the lymph nodes
• Stage IV: Cancer that has spread to other organs

Review Date: 03/06/2007
Reviewed By: Updated by: A.D.A.M. Editorial Team: Greg Juhn, M.T.P.W., David R. Eltz, Kelli A. Stacy. Previously reviewed by Rita Nanda, M.D., Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. (October 31, 2006)