Hypercalcemia

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Endocrine glands

Skeletal:

• Bone pain
• Loss of height
• Bowing of the shoulders
• Spinal column curvature
• Pathological fractures

• Flank pain
• Frequent urination  
• Frequent thirst

• Pain  
• Nausea  
• Vomiting
• Poor appetite  
• Constipation

• Irritability  
• Memory loss  
• Apathy
• Depression
• Dementia
• Coma

• Weakness  
• Muscle twitches
• Muscle atrophy

• High serum total and/or ionized calcium 
• High serum PTH  level (hyperparathyroidism)
• High urine calcium (hyperparathyroidism, other causes)
• Low urine calcium (FHH)
• High vitamin D level (hypervitaminosis D, granulomatous diseases)
• High serum PTHrP (certain cancers)

Review Date: 05/12/2006
Reviewed By: Robert Hurd, MD, Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.