Kidney stones

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Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)	Kidney anatomy	Kidney - blood and urine flow	Lithotripsy procedure
Nephrolithiasis

Renal calculi; Nephrolithiasis; Stones - kidney

• Flank pain or back pain
  • on one or both sides
  • progressive
  • severe
  • colicky (spasm-like)
  • may radiate or move to lower in flank, pelvis, groin, genitals
• Nausea , vomiting
• Urinary frequency/urgency, increased (persistent urge to urinate)
• Blood in the urine
• Abdominal pain
• Painful urination
• Excessive urination at night
• Urinary hesitancy
• Testicle pain
• Groin pain
• Fever
• Chills
• Abnormal urine color

Pain may be severe enough to require narcotics. There may be tenderness when the abdomen or back is touched. If stones are severe, persistent, or come back again and again, there may be signs of kidney failure.

• Straining the urine may capture urinary tract stones when they are excreted.
• Analysis of the stone shows the type of stone.
• Urinalysis may show crystals and red blood cells in urine .
• Uric acid elevated

Stones or obstruction of the ureter may be seen on:

• Kidney ultrasound
• IVP ( intravenous pyelogram )
• Abdominal x-rays
• Retrograde pyelogram
• Abdominal CT scan
• Abdominal/kidney MRI

Tests may reveal high levels of calcium in the blood or urine.

Review Date: 09/13/2005
Reviewed By: Robert Mushnick, M.D., Assistant Clinical Professor, SUNY Downstate Health Center, Brooklyn, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.