Nephrotic syndrome

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Male urinary system

Nephrosis

• Swelling (edema )
  • general
  • around the eyes
  • in the extremities, especially the feet and ankles
• Swollen abdomen
• Facial swelling
• Foamy appearance of the urine
• Weight gain (unintentional) from fluid retention
• Poor appetite
• High blood pressure

Physical examination can detect some symptoms. Other symptoms and signs of causative disorders can also be found with examination.

Urinalysis reveals large amounts of urine protein . Fats are often also present in the urine.

Tests to rule out various causes may include the following:

• Glucose tolerance test
• Antinuclear antibody
• Rheumatoid factor
• Cryoglobulins
• Complement levels
• Hepatitis B and C antibodies
• VDRL serology
• Serum protein electrophoresis
• Kidney biopsy

• Urinary casts
• Triglyceride
• Protein electrophoresis - urine
• Serum iron
• Cholesterol
• Albumin

Review Date: 09/13/2005
Reviewed By: Robert Mushnick, M.D., Assistant Clinical Professor, SUNY Downstate Health Center, Brooklyn, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.