Early symptomatic HIV infection

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Canker sore (aphthous ulcer)	Dermatitis, seborrheic - close-up	Dermatitis, seborrheic on the face	Herpes zoster (shingles), disseminated
Immune system structures	Molluscum contagiosum on the face	Molluscum on the chest	Mycobacterium marinum infection on the hand
Oral thrush	Primary HIV infection

AIDS-related complex - ARC; Chronic symptomatic HIV infection

Safer sex behaviors may reduce the risk of acquiring the infection. There is a risk of acquiring the infection even if "safe sex" is practiced with the use of condoms, because the condom might break. Abstinence is the only sure way to prevent sexual transmission of the virus.

Never have unprotected sexual intercourse with:

• people known or suspected to be infected with AIDS
• numerous partners
• people who have multiple partners
• people who use IV drugs

Avoid using intravenous drugs. If IV drugs are used, do not share needles or syringes.

People with AIDS or who have had positive antibody tests may pass the disease on to others and should not donate blood, plasma, body organs, or sperm. They should not exchange genital fluids during sexual activity.

Frequently Asked Questions:

Q: How long does it take for HIV to cause AIDS?

A: About half the people with HIV develop AIDS within 10 years after becoming infected. This time varies greatly from person to person and can depend on many factors. Today, medical treatments can slow the rate at which HIV weakens the immune system, thus preventing the onset of AIDS.

Q: How can I tell if I am infected with HIV?

A: The only way to determine for sure whether you are infected is to be tested for HIV infection. You cannot rely on symptoms to know whether or not you are infected with HIV. Many people who are infected with HIV do not have any symptoms at all for many years.

Q: How good is the current treatment for HIV infection?

A: The current treatment for HIV infection, termed HAART or highly active anti-retroviral therapy is very good. It suppresses the amount of HIV in the blood, allowing the immune system to recover. The death rate from AIDS has dropped since the introduction of HAART.

This treatment, however, is not a cure. Several patients become resistant to the benefits of HAART, and require "rescue" or "salvage" therapy be given in an attempt to continue to suppress HIV in the blood. Why some patients become resistant is unclear, but it may have to do with the particular strain of the virus and how compliant the patient was with taking his/her medication.

Review Date: 02/13/2006
Reviewed By: Monica Gandhi, M.D., M.P.H., Assistant Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, UCSF, San Francisco, CA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.