Ventricular septal defect

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Heart, front view

Heart, section through the middle

Ventricular septal defect

VSD; Interventricular septal defect

If the defect is small, no treatment is usually needed. However, the baby should be closely monitored by a health care provider to make sure that the hole eventually closes properly and signs of heart failure do not occur.

With congestive heart failure, medications such as digitalis (digoxin) and diuretics may be prescribed.

Regardless of the size of the defect, all children with a VSD need to take antibiotics before undergoing dental work and certain other invasive procedures.

If symptoms continue despite medication, surgery to close the defect with a Gore-tex patch is needed. Some VSDs can be closed with a special device during a catheterization. Treating a VSD that does not have symptoms is controversial, and should be carefully discussed with your health care provider.

Many small defects will close on their own. For those defects that do not spontaneously close, the outcome is good with surgical repair. Complications may result if a large defect is not treated.

• Congestive heart failure
• Infective endocarditis (bacterial infection of the heart)
• Aortic insufficiency (leaking of the valve that separates the left ventricle from the aorta)
• Damage to the electrical conduction system of the heart during surgery (causing arrhythmias)
• Delayed growth and development ( failure to thrive in infancy)
• Pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the lungs) leading to failure of the right side of the heart

Most often, this condition is diagnosed during routine examination of an infant. Call your infant's health care provider if the baby seems to be having difficulty breathing, or if the baby seems to have an unusual number of respiratory infections.

Review Date: 05/30/2006
Reviewed By: Anne J. L. Chun, MD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.