Traveler's guide to avoiding infectious diseases

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Infectious diseases and travelers

Malaria

Southern Africa

• Insect-borne diseases: malaria, plague, relapsing fever, Rift Valley fever, tick-bite fever, typhus
• Water- and food-borne diseases: amebiasis, typhoid fever
• Other: Hepatitis B, rabies

Botswana, Namibia

• Sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis), schistosomiasis

South Africa, Swaziland

• Schistosomiasis

North America

• Insect-borne: Lyme disease, and rare cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and tularemia
• Water- and food-borne diseases: rare outbreaks of cryptosporidium, rare giardiasis
• Other: extremely rare case of rabies

Central America (general area)

• Insect-borne diseases: malaria, cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease), dengue fever, Venezuelan equine encephalitis
• Water- and food-borne diseases: amoebic dysentery, dysentery, typhoid fever, cholera, Hepatitis A, intestinal worms (helminthic infection)
• Other: rabies

El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico

• Visceral leishmaniasis

Mexico, Guatemala

• Onchocerciasis

Costa Rica

• Filariasis

Caribbean Islands

• Insect-borne diseases: see below
• Water- and food-borne diseases: Hepatitis A, dysentery, amebic dysentery
• Other: see below

Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama

• Oriental lung fluke (paragonimiasis)

Dominican Republic

• Malaria, schistosomiasis

Cuba

• Liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica)

Haiti

• Malaria, tularemia

Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Lucia

• Schistosomiasis

Tropical South America

• Insect-borne diseases: malaria, American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease), cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, yellow fever, viral encephalitis, Dengue fever
• Water- and food-borne diseases: amebiasis, dysentery, intestinal worms, helminthic infections, Hepatitis A

Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela

• Visceral leishmaniasis

Brazil, Guyana, Suriname

• Filariasis

Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru

• Plague

Colombia, Peru

• Typhus

Temperate South America

• Insect-borne diseases: American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease)
• Water- and food-borne diseases: salmonellosis, tapeworm (taeniasis), typhoid fever, echinococcosis, Hepatitis A
• Anthrax