Head and face reconstruction

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Cleft lip repair - series

Craniofacial reconstruction - series

Skull

Skull

Craniofacial reconstruction; Orbital-craniofacial surgery

Risks for any anesthesia are:

• reactions to medications
• problems breathing

Risks for any surgery are:

• bleeding
• infection

Additional risks of surgery of the head and face are:

• nerve damage (cranial nerve dysfunction)
• permanent scarring
• partial or total loss of bone grafts
• need for follow-up surgery

Review Date: 10/31/2005
Reviewed By: Jeremy Goverman, M.D., Department of Trauma and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.