Urinalysis

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Female urinary tract

Male urinary tract

URINE PROTEIN:

Finding protein in the urine is probably the best test for screening for kidney disease, although there may be a number of causes for an increased protein level in the urine. Consult the health care provider.

When blood is found in the urine, it may indicate a urinary tract disease or bleeding from the kidneys. However, the cause may also be vigorous physical exercise. If there is no association between exercise and the positive blood findings, consult the health care provider.

OTHER:

Bilirubin in the urine is a sign of a liver or bile duct disease, and you should consult the health care provider. Urobilinogen is found in small traces in the urine. If there are large amounts, you should discuss it with the health care provider.

Nitrites and white blood cells are an indication that a urinary tract infection is present, and you should contact the health care provider.

Any vitamin C that the body does not need is excreted in the urine. If there are measurable amounts of Vitamin C in the urine, it may interfere with the other urine tests. One may receive false positives and false negatives on the results.

Note: see also the individual components.

Additional conditions under which the test may be performed:

• Acute bilateral obstructive uropathy
• Acute nephritic syndrome
• Acute tubular necrosis
• Acute unilateral obstructive uropathy
• Alkalosis
• Alport syndrome
• Analgesic nephropathy
• Anorexia nervosa
• Atheroembolic renal disease
• Atrial myxoma
• Bladder stones
• Chronic bilateral obstructive uropathy
• Chronic glomerulonephritis
• Chronic or recurrent urinary tract infection
• Chronic renal failure
• Chronic unilateral obstructive uropathy
• Chronic urethritis
• Complicated UTI (pyelonephritis)
• Congenital nephrotic syndrome
• Cystinuria
• Delirium
• Dementia
• Dementia due to metabolic causes
• Diabetes insipidus -- central
• Diabetic nephropathy/sclerosis
• Enuresis
• Epididymitis
• Failure to thrive
• Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
• Goodpasture's syndrome
• Heart failure
• Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)
• Henoch-Schonlein purpura
• Insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD)
• IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease)
• Injury of the kidney and ureter
• Interstitial nephritis
• Irritable bladder
• Left-sided heart failure
• Lupus nephritis
• Malignant hypertension (arteriolar nephrosclerosis)
• Medullary cystic disease
• Membranoproliferative GN I
• Membranoproliferative GN II
• Membranous nephropathy
• Myelomeningocele (children)
• Necrotizing vasculitis
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Noninsulin-dependent diabetes (NIDD)
• Orchitis
• Ovarian cancer
• Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
• Polycystic kidney disease
• Post-streptococcal GN
• Prerenal azotemia
• Primary amyloid
• Prostate cancer
• Prostatitis, acute
• Prostatitis, chronic
• Prostatitis, non-bacterial
• Pyelonephritis; acute
• Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis
• Reflux nephropathy
• Renal papillary necrosis
• Renal tubular acidosis; distal
• Renal tubular acidosis; proximal
• Renal vein thrombosis
• Retrograde ejaculation
• Rhabdomyolysis
• Right-sided heart failure
• Secondary systemic amyloid
• Stress incontinence
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)
• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
• Traumatic injury of the bladder and urethra
• Ureterocele
• Urethral stricture
• Urethritis
• Wegener's granulomatosis
• Wilms' tumor

Review Date: 05/17/2005
Reviewed By: Vishal Datta, M.D., Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.