Peritoneal fluid analysis

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Peritoneal fluid analysis is a test to examine fluid accumulated in the peritoneal space (the abdominal space that houses the gastrointestinal organs). The sample is obtained by an abdominal tap.

A sample of fluid is obtained by abdominal tap. The physicians will sterilize and numb a small area of your abdomen with a small needle. Next, a larger needle will be inserted into the peritoneal space and the fluid will be withdrawn.

Occasionally, vacuum bottles are used to draw off large amounts of fluid. The fluid is typically examined in the laboratory for appearance, red and white blood cell counts, protein and albumin, bacteria and fungi. Occasionally, tests for glucose, amylase, ammonia, alkaline phosphatase, LDH, cytology, and other substances are performed.

You must sign a consent form. Immediately before the abdominal tap, empty your bladder.

There may be a stinging sensation from the anesthetic and a feeling of pressure as the needle is inserted. If a large amount of fluid is withdrawn, you may have a feeling of dizziness or light-headedness. Tell the health care provider if you become dizzy.

The test is performed to determine the cause of fluid in the abdomen, to detect whether trauma has caused internal bleeding, to detect a hole in the bladder, and to detect peritonitis.

Review Date: 01/22/2007
Reviewed By: Benjamin W. Van Voorhees, MD, MPH, Assistant Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.