Sigmoidoscopy

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Anal biopsy

Colonoscopy

Sigmoid colon cancer, X-ray

Proctoscopy; Proctosigmoidoscopy

Normal findings show that the lining of the sigmoid colon, rectal mucosa, rectum, and anus appear normal in color, texture, and size.

Abnormal results can indicate:

• Hemorrhoids
• Anal fissures  
• Anorectal abscess
• Cancer  
• Colorectal polyps
• Inflammation or infection (proctitis)
• Bowel obstruction
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Diverticulosis

Review Date: 05/08/2006
Reviewed By: Jenifer K. Lehrer, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Frankford-Torresdale Hospital, Jefferson Health System, Philadelphia, PA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.