Complex regional pain syndrome

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In most cases CRPS has 3 stages. Often, however, CRPS does not follow this progression. Some people go into the later stages almost immediately. Others remain in Stage 1 indefinitely.

Stage 1 (lasts 1-3 months)

• Severe burning, aching pain increasing with the slightest touch or breeze
• Swelling with warmth or coolness
• Skin becomes dry and thin, changes color
• Increased nail and hair growth
• Pain may move further up or down the affected limb

Stage 2 (lasts 3-6 months)

• Swelling spreads
• Noticeable changes in skin texture and color
• Decreased hair growth
• Changes in bone seen in x-rays
• Stiff muscles and joints

Stage 3 (irreversible changes become evident)

• Pain may exist in the entire limb
• Permanent tissue changes
• Muscle wasting
• Limited mobility in limb
• Contractions involving muscles and tendons

Diagnosing CRPS can be difficult, but early diagnosis is very important. Often, the symptoms are severe compared to the original trauma or injury.

It is possible to make a diagnosis based on a medical history and physical examination. The key complaint is the severe, burning pain. Additional tests may include x-rays, bone scans, nerve conduction studies, and thermography (a test to show temperature changes and lack of blood supply in the painful area of the affected limb).

Review Date: 05/16/2006
Reviewed By: Daniel Kantor, M.D., Director of the Comprehensive MS Center, Neuroscience Institute, University of Florida Health Science Center, Jacksonville, FL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.