Cervical Cancer - Treatment for Invasive Cervical Cancer

(Page 4)

Advanced methods for targeting radiation more precisely are now available that limit the damage to healthy tissue. They include 3-D conformal radiation and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT):

• 3-D conformal techniques use computers and a three-dimensional image of the cervix to provide precise targeting of the tumor using multiple high-dose radiation beams.
• IMRT also uses 3-D techniques and employs very thin and precise beam at various intensities.

Side Effects. Side effects of radiation therapy include fatigue, redness or dryness in the treated area, diarrhea, frequent or uncomfortable urination, and vaginal dryness, itching, or burning. After treatment, side effects usually disappear.

Long-Term Complications. Complications include proctitis (inflammation of the rectum) and cystitis (inflammation of the bladder). Bowel obstruction is an uncommon complication. Radiation therapy may also cause vaginal scarring, sexual difficulties, and premature menopause in younger women. Occasionally an abnormal tunnel between the bladder and the vagina, known as a vesicovaginal fistula, will develop and may require surgery.

Click the icon to see an image of the female anatomy.

Investigative temporary silicone implants or a noninvasive device called the belly board may protect the small intestine during radiation therapy and help reduce complications.

Radiation itself may increase the risk for later development of cancer in the area surrounding the treated tissue. Although newer more precise radiotherapy approaches should reduce this risk, there is some concern that IMRT may double the incidence of secondary cancers over time compared to 3-D conformal techniques. This is of particular concern in younger patients.

Radiation and Hyperthermia. Investigators are studying hyperthermia (use of high heat often provided by ultrasound) in combinations with radiation therapy. This approach has shown some promise in achieving significant response rates in small studies. Comparison studies are important to determine if this approach would be as beneficial with radiation therapy as concurrent chemotherapy.