Birth Control Options for Women - Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)

Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)

The intrauterine device (IUD) is a small plastic T-shaped device that is inserted into the uterus. An IUD's contraceptive action begins as soon as the device is placed in the uterus and stops as soon as it is removed. Precisely how the IUD prevents pregnancy is a mystery. They may kill sperm or preven them from moving, which prevents fertilization from occurring. They may also stop a fertilized egg from implanting in the uterus. IUDs have an effectiveness rate of close to 100%. They are also a reversible form of contraception. Once the device is removed, a woman regains her fertility.

IUD Forms

Two types of IUDs are available in the United States:

• Copper-Releasing (ParaGard) can remain in the uterus for up to 10 years.
• Progestin-Releasing (Mirena) can remain in the uterus for up to 5 years. Mirena is also known as a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system, or LNG-IUS. The LNG-IUS is long-acting, safe, very effective in preventing heavy bleeding, and helps reduce cramps. In fact, some experts describe it as a nearly ideal contraceptive. It is also proving beneficial for women with menstrual disorders, (particularly heavy bleeding).

Inserting the IUD

With some exceptions, an IUD can be inserted at any time, except during pregnancy. It is typically inserted in the following manner by a trained health professional:

• A plastic tube containing the IUD (the inserter) is slid through the cervical canal into the uterus.
• A plunger in the tube pushes the IUD into the uterus.
• Attached to the base of the IUD are two thin but strong plastic strings. After the instruments are removed, the health care provider cuts the strings so that about an inch of each dangles outside the cervix within the vagina.