Colds and the Flu - Treatment

(Page 2)

In any case, no one with an adequate diet and a healthy immune system should take zinc for prolonged periods for preventing colds.

Side Effects. Side effects, particularly of the lozenge form, include the following:

• Dry mouth
• Constipation
• Nausea
• Bad taste (possibly only with zinc gluconate lozenges)
• Severe vomiting, dehydration, and restlessness (signs of overdose, seek medical help)
• Allergic response (rare)

Food and Drug Interactions. Zinc may also interact with drugs or other elements:

• It may reduce absorption of certain antibiotics.
• Foods high in calcium or phosphorus may reduce zinc absorption.
• In high doses and for long periods of time, zinc can cause copper deficiencies.

Medications for Mild Pain and Fever Reduction

Many people take medications to reduce mild pain and fever. Adults most often choose aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil), or acetaminophen (Tylenol).

The following are recommendations for children:

• Acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (usually Advil or Motrin) are the typical pain-relievers parents give their children. Most pediatricians advise such medications for children who run fevers over 101° F. Some suggest alternating the two agents, although there is no evidence that this regimen offers any benefits, and it might be harmful.
• Aspirin and aspirin-containing products are virtually never recommended for children or adolescents. Reye Syndrome, a very serious condition, has been associated with aspirin use in children who have flu symptoms or chicken pox.

Some studies are suggesting that these anti-fever agents may actually reduce the body's immune response against cold and flu viruses and prolong symptoms. A 2000 study, for example, reported a longer flu duration in people who took aspirin or acetaminophen (although people still felt better). (In the study, these drugs did not appear prolong other illnesses, including Rocky Mountain spotted fever and shigellosis.) Nevertheless, most doctors strongly recommend lowering fevers in children, since high fevers can sometimes cause seizures.