Circumcision Reduces HIV Rates, U.S. Studies Confirm

The evidence was so overwhelming that African trials were halted, and participants were offered circumcisions.

By Randy Dotinga
HealthDay Reporter
Thursday, December 14, 2006; 12:00 AM

Copyright © 2006 ScoutNews, LLC. All rights reserved.

THURSDAY, Dec. 14 (HealthDay News) -- U.S. researchers in Africa said Wednesday that they found that circumcision is such a good defense against HIV infection that they shut down two studies early, and instead offered all participants a chance to be circumcised.

One study in the east African country of Kenya showed that circumcision cut adult males' HIV infection risk from heterosexual intercourse by 53 percent, while another study in Uganda lowered the risk by 48 percent, according to results released Wednesday.

The findings, financed by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), pointed out that the latest conclusions confirmed previous investigations into the value of circumcision as a protection against HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. This is especially important in Africa, where AIDS is an epidemic in many countries, infecting an estimated 25 million people on the continent.

Despite the good news, there is still plenty of reason for caution, AIDS experts said.

"Male circumcision is a difficult intervention to implement, and the preventive effect is relative, not absolute," said Thomas Coates, an AIDS specialist and a professor of medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles. "The magnitude of effect is 50 to 60 percent, which still leaves ample room for people to get infected with HIV."

There are other caveats as well: The study did not look at male-to-female transmission, and it was also not clear whether circumcision makes it less likely that gay men could transmit HIV to each other.

In the United States, homosexual transmission of HIV is more common than heterosexual transmission, the experts said. And most men in the United States are circumcised, making the procedure less effective as a possible prevention tool.

Still, the findings could have plenty of meaning in Africa, where HIV is commonly spread between men and women.

Studies have suggested the value of circumcision in the past, but researchers wanted to confirm the previous findings.

According to the NIH, most adult Africans are circumcised, but the rate drops below 20 percent in some areas of southern Africa where HIV and AIDS are common.